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Fetal fibronectin (FFN) is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein that can be found in fetal connective tissue, placenta, and amniotic fluid. FFN is measurable in cervicovaginal secretions early in pregnancy and at term, but is rarely detectable between 21 and 37 weeks gestation in normal pregnancies that are delivered at term. Its detection during this time period is associated with preterm labor/delivery. Since the symptoms of preterm labor are often vague, an accurate diagnosis of preterm labor is often difficult to make. According to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG), "Fetal fibronectin testing may be useful in women with symptoms of preterm labor to identify those with negative values and a reduced risk of preterm birth, thereby avoiding unnecessary intervention."*

 

The following were among the resources reviewed and considered in developing this policy. By reviewing and considering the resources, CareFirst does not in any way endorse the contents thereof nor assume any liability or responsibility in connection therewith. The opinions and conclusions of the authors of these resources are their own, and may or may not be in agreement with those of CareFirst.

American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (2003). Management of Preterm Labor, ACOG Practice Bulletin Number 43, May 2003.

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association. (2000, August 18). Fetal Fibronectin Enzyme Immunoassay (Medical Policy 2.04.03). Chicago: Author.

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association. (1998, November 16). Fetal Fibronectin Enzyme Immunoassay (Medical Policy 2.04.03). Chicago: Author.

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association. (1997, August). TEC assessment: Fetal Fibronectin Enzyme Immunoassay. Technology Evaluation Center Assessments, 12(16), 1-40.

Goldenberg, R.L., Klebanoff, M., Carey, J.C., MacPherson, C., Leveno, K.J., Moawad, A.H., Sibai, B., Heine, R.P., Ernest, J.M., Dombrowski, M.P., Miodovnik, M., Wapner, R.J., Iams, J.D., Langer, O., O'Sullivan, M.J. & Roberts, J.M. (2000). American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 183(2), 469-75.

Iams, J.D., Goldenberg, R.L., Mercer, B.M., Moawad, A.H., Meis, P.J., Das, A.F., Caritas, S.N., Miodovnik, M., Menard, M.K., Thurnau, G.R., Dombrowski, M.P. & Roberts, J.H. The preterm prediction study: can low risk women destined for spontaneous preterm birth be identified? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 184(4), 652-5.

Lu, G.C., Goldenberg, R.L., Cliver, S.P., Kreaden, U.S., Andrews, W.W. (2001). Vaginal fetal fibronectin levels and spontaneous preterm birth in symptomatic women. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 97(2), 225-8.

Winning four Tony Awards in 2006 and currently on tour, Jersey Boys is a kind of retro jukebox musical based on the lives of 1960s most successful rock 'n roll groups, Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons (a popular Italian-American band of musicians/singers from New Jersey in the 60s). Now Jersey Boys the musical tells or rather shows how the band rose to fame. The singers portraying the original boys sound exactly like the singers. This is further made real with the help of accompanying technology-enhanced band. Being a well crafted fast moving show, the Jersey Boys tickets are going to be sold out pretty soon.

Neil Young’s latest solo studio album Chrome Dreams II was scheduled to be released in 1977, but he scraped it then and released it in 2007. Along with Crazy Horse, Young plans to release his next studio album titled “Toast” somewhere in 2009. Young headed Europe and started Europe leg of his tour on February 11, 2008 as he performed in Antwerp, Belgium. Neil Young kicked off the US leg of his tour on September 20, 2008 as he performed at Comcast Center in Mansfield, MA. In Boston/ (Worcester), MA, Neil Young at DCU Center performed live on December 13, 2008.

What makes Rain The Beatles Experience so different from other Beatles’ tribute bands is their devotion to Beatles music, as the band is known for perfectly performing those complex studio tracks that even Beatles never performed live at their concerts. Rain kicked off their U.S tour on December 10, 2008 as they performed in Daytona, Ohio at the Victoria Theatre. On Friday, June 12, 2009 Rain – The Beatles Experience hits New Jersey Performing Arts Centerat 7:30 pm. The band would be performing live at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center on June 13 and June 14, 2009 as well.

Rascal Flatts kicked off their still feels good tour in 2007, and ended this success story in 2008. On December 3, 2008 Faith Hill and Rascals Flatts in New York lighted the Christmas tree at Rockefeller Center on Wednesday. Apart from Hill and Flatts, Tony Bennett, Neil Boyd, Harry Connick Jr., Rosie O’Donnell and Beyonce and Solange Knowles also performed there. Rascal Flatts are currently on their Bob That Head Tour that kicked off in 2008 and is extended into 2009. Rascal Flatts will be hitting New York’s Madison Square Garden on February 12, 2009 and Rochester on February, 14.

Punk rock Band, The Offspring, was formed by Dexter Holland and Greg Kriesel in 1984 in Huntington Beach, CA. The Offspring is one of the 90s punk rock band who is known to revitalize the Punk Rock genre during 90s, and their fame is evident by their sales of more than 50 Million albums world wide, making Offspring one of the best selling punk rock bands. The Offspring will put its 2009 tour on road on May 15 in Nashville, TN at Riverfront Park. Discounted Offspring Tickets are in stock for all of their scheduled performances during their 2009 tour.

What once started as a solo project of Nick Jonas is now considered as the most happening teen sensation of these times. Nick, along with Joe Jonas and Kevin Jonas form this super rocking pop band known to us as Jonas Brothers. Be it music, Disney or Hollywood, there is no stopping for these young and talented boys who have been constantly in the limelight ever since the release of their debut album in 2006. A number of reality series and concerts films also highlight the stupendous success of the trio. These include Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream, Band in a Bus, Best of Both Worlds Concert and Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience. But if you want to get the real taste of their intoxicating music and superstar appeal, then grab the latest Jonas Brothers tickets, go for their concert and watch the audience getting crazy on the beats of these twenty-something boys

Chicago is going to bustle with beats, thrills and chills again! Charter One Pavilion is bringing a brand new exciting assortment of music events to give keen pleasure to music addicts in the City. If you’re amongst music aficionados, you should not miss out on the music events that Charter One Pavilion has scheduled. Take you drums, snatch up your tickets and see your favorite act performing LIVE at Charter One Pavilion. It’s our word that you will remember the rock ‘n’ roll night for long. Charter One Pavilion Tickets are up for grabs, so make sure to reserve them before they all sell out!

If music is your thing, you should head to Bass Concert Hall in Austin. Continuing its tradition of bringing top notch acts from around the world, Bass Concert Hall is featuring yet another exciting assortment of entertainment events to give keen pleasure to music aficionados and fun lovers. You’ll be delighted to see your favorite artists performing LIVE in Austin. No matter what you taste in music is, Bass Concert Hall will satisfy your craving as it bustles with pop, rock, punk, indie, classic and other music genres. So, plan a night out, snatch up your Bass Concert Hall Tickets and take in the world’s best music and entertainment at large!

Music lovers and sports aficionados be up to grab your Dodger Stadium Tickets since the venue is bringing a yet another exciting assortment of entertainment and sports events. The Stadium is going to pack with crowds, thrills and chills again! People can not wait to see their favorite events and are rushing towards Dodger Stadium. If you have not bought your tickets as yet, snatch up them now. There’s sure going to be fun, excitement and anticipation that you can not afford to miss out. Trust us, tickets to the events scheduled at Dodger Stadium are worth spending bucks on!

The Rock and Roll Hall of Famer, Jackson Browne, is scheduled to kick start his Time the Conqueror World Tour on April 17, in Koln, Germany. Discounted Jackson Browne Tickets are on sale for his all of his live performances during his World Tour. Browne released his latest album, Time the Conqueror, on September 23, 2008, and he is launching his tour in support of that album. In this album, Browne pours his frustrations out against the Bush Administration and in addition he also sheds light on the topics of Love, the change the world has been through and travel.

As with every team, the Chicago white Sox are going through a slump period at this point in time. The 2008 Chicago White Sox season did not even start very well, who opened against the American League champions, C.C. Sabathia, in March.  A very important reason for the lacking performance is the absence of a family feeling in the team, as well as a lack of common direction and common goals for the players. Despite abundant talent on the 25-player roster of the team, the players need to learn to believe in themselves and ignore what people are saying.

Billy Elliot is a multi awarded winning musical based on the hit movie of the same name. The story revolves around a young boy’s passion of dance and how he secretly fulfills it. The play is set in 1984/85 in the North East of England during the time wrought by the strife caused by the coal miners’ strike.  Billy Eliot the musical is an inspirational play presented beautifully with combined efforts of its award winning creative team and an outstanding music by Sir Elton John. Since opening in 2005 in London, Billy Eliot Tickets have a record of selling out pretty fast.

For the past 4 decades, American hard rock band, Aerosmith has been performing for an ever increasing fan base. Now they are all set to kick off their North American tour in support of their newest album "Honkin' On Bobo” in June 2009. The news has it that on this tour joined with Aerosmith will be ZZ Top, another legendary rock band and Hall of Famers. In 1986 they were honored with being the Official Heroes of the State of Texas due to their massive popularity. Aerosmith & ZZ Top Tickets are expected to sell out fast especially for cities like New York, Los Angeles and Boston.

Keith Urban started his musical journey in Australia but soon made name all over the world as one of the most talented and popular country music artists of these times. A singer, songwriter and instrumentalist; Keith Urban is the man of many talents. His timeless music has earned him several awards and recognitions including the prestigious Grammy and American Country Music Awards. He also made headlines with his much talked about marriage with Nicole Kidman and drug-addiction. However, more than anything else, his sweet vocals, unique music and superb songwriting skills make him the undisputed king of today’s country music scene. So while the fans are going crazy to get hold of Keith Urban Tickets, we suggest you to be hurry and reserve the best ones for yourself.

The country music lovers all over the United States must be familiar with Grand Ole Opry. This weekly live radio program has provided countless wonderful country music presentations since 1925 when it first went on-air. The music show is broadcasted live through radio in Nashville and beyond. However, the real charm lies in attending the concert exclusively at Grand Ole Opry House, from where it is broadcasted live. So while the likes of Carrie Underwood, Trace Adkins, Martina McBride, Vince Gill, Brad Paisley, Dierks Bentley, Marty Stuart, Ricky Skaggs, Mel Tillis and many other superb country music acts grace the stage of Grand Ole Opry off and on, you should book the Grand Ole Opry Tickets in order to enjoy the pleasures of their soulful music.

Monster Jam Trucks is a name synonymous to extreme level excitement in the world of Sports Entertainment. One may think that watching a show of several large size automobiles is no such adventure as such, but those who attend Monster Jam Trucks shows on regular basis can tell you the level of excitement these shows bring. Monster Jam shows present destruction of this kind as a huge truck will crush smaller vehicles under its huge tires. Not only this, these giant trucks can break any obstacle and man-made barriers in no time. So get ready to experience this motorized professional wrestling as Monster Jam Trucks Tickets is the full-on entertainment. Grab your Monster Jam Trucks tickets now and make your way to this exciting event.

Jimmy Buffet is a musician with a versatile set of talents. He not only lends vocals to his performances, but is a lyricist, writer and entrepreneur, and has also produced a movie with a stimulating theme. The movie includes his songs like “Margaritaville” and “Come Monday”. Buffett has his own band by the name of Coral Reefer Band and is also a celebrated writer apart from running two restaurant chains named after his best know songs.  One of these is the Margaritaville Café restaurant chain with Buffet having exclusive ownership while he has partnership rights in “Cheeseburger in Paradise” restaurant. You wouldn’t regret attending one of his shows, so grab Jimmy Buffett Tickets to see a music star exceed your expectations.

Dane Cook

 

 

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